Amazon Web Services plans to develop a large-scale data center campus on approximately 869 acres at the former Birchwood Power Plant site on Birchwood Drive in King George County, Virginia. The project would deliver up to 7.5 million square feet of data center space across 19 buildings in multiple phases, with an estimated investment of $6 billion. Phase 1 includes eight data center buildings totaling 4 million square feet and two electrical substations, with subsequent phases adding 3.5 million square feet across nine additional buildings.
The site benefits from existing grid infrastructure, including a Dominion Energy substation that served the retired 258 MW coal plant, a water extraction permit for 6.6 million gallons per day from the Rappahannock River, and rail access. Amazon acquired nine parcels for $168.8 million in December 2023. The project is currently stalled due to a legal dispute with King George County after a new Board of Supervisors sought to renegotiate the original performance agreement. The case is pending in King George County Circuit Court.
Timeline & Phasing
- Sept 2023: Board of Supervisors approved rezoning and performance agreement
- Early 2024: New Board of Supervisors backtracks, votes to renegotiate the deal
- March 2024: Supervisors publicly state readiness to "go to war" with Amazon
- April 2025: Amazon files 878-page court petition for vested rights review
- Mid 2025: Board of Zoning Appeals denies Amazon's request (4-0, two abstentions)
- Current (March 2026): Case in King George County Circuit Court; no ruling yet
- Original plan: Construction within 18 months of final approval, Phase 1 buildout over 15 years